Reports and Studies: Archives

Ethanol & the Environment

Lifecycle Energy & Greenhouse Gas Impacts

Ethanol: The Complete Energy Lifecycle Picture
U.S. Department of Energy
March 2007
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Updated Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Results of Fuel Ethanol
Wang, M., U.S. DOE-Argonne National Laboratory
September 26, 2005
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Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Transportation
Greene, D.L., U.S. DOE-Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and Schafer, A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (for Pew Center on Global Climate Change)
May 2003
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The Energy Balance of Corn Ethanol: An Update
Shapouri, H., USDA, Duffield, J.A., USDA, & Wang, M., U.S. DOE-Argonne National Laboratory (for USDA-Office of the Chief Economist)
July 2002
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Allocation Procedure in Ethanol Production System from Corn Grain
Kim, S., and Dale, B.E., Michigan State University
May 7, 2002
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A Rebuttal to "Ethanol Fuels: Energy, Economics and Environmental Impacts" by D. Pimentel
Graboski, M.S., Colorado School of Mines, and McClelland, J., National Corn Growers Association
April 30, 2002
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Volume 1: Well-to-Wheel Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Advanced Fuel/Vehicle Systems - North American Analysis - Executive Summary Report
General Motors Corp., U.S. DOE-Argonne National Laboratory, BP, ExxonMobil, and Shell
June 2001
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Effects of Fuel Ethanol Use on Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Wang, M., Saricks, C., & Santini, D., U.S. DOE-Argonne National Laboratory
January 1999
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Fuel-Cycle Fossil Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Fuel Ethanol Produced from U.S. Midwest Corn
Wang, M., Saricks, C., & Wu, M., U.S. DOE-Argonne National Laboratory (for Illinois Department of Commerce and Community Affairs)
December 19, 1997
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How Much Energy Does it Take to Make a Gallon of Ethanol?
Lorenz, D., and Morris, D., Institute for Local Self-Reliance
August 1995
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Estimating the Net Energy Balance of Corn-Ethanol
Shapouri, H., Duffield, J.A., & Graboski, M.S., , U.S. Department of Agriculture
July 1995
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Land Use Impacts

Human Health & Air Quality

Regulated and Unregulated Exhaust Emissions Comparison for Three Tier II Non-Road Diesel Engines Operating on Ethanol-Diesel Blends
Merritt, P.M., Southwest Research Institute, Ulmet, V., Southwest Research Institute, McCormick, R.L., U.S. DOE-National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Mitchell, W.E., WM Consulting, Inc., & Baumgard, K.J., John Deere Power Systems
May 2005
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Air Quality Impacts of Ethanol in California Gasoline
Systems Applications International, Inc.
May 31, 2000
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Ethanol - Its Use in Gasoline: Expected Impacts and Comments of Expert Reviewers
Armstrong, S.R., Cambridge Environmental, Inc. (for Renewable Fuels Association)
April 5, 2000
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The Fate and Transport of Ethanol-Blended Gasoline in the Environment: A Literature Review and Transport Modeling
Ulrich, G., Surbec-Art Environmental, LLC (for Governors' Ethanol Coalition)
October 27, 1999
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Ethanol: Brief Report on its Use in Gasoline
Armstrong, S.R., Cambridge Environmental, Inc. (for Renewable Fuels Association)
March 2, 1999
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Oxyfuels' Ability to Curb Carbon Monoxide Pollution: Regression Modeling of Oxyfuel Effects on Ambient CO Concentrations
Whitten, G.Z., Cohen, J.P., & Kuklin, A.M., Systems Applications International, Inc. (for Renewable Fuels Association and Oxygenated Fuels Association)
January 8, 1997
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Sustainability

Biomass as Feedstock for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry: The Technical Feasibility of a Billion-Ton Annual Supply
Perlack, R.D., et al., U.S. DOE-Oak Ridge National Laboratory and U.S. Department of Agriculture (for U.S. DOE-Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
April 2005
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Water Use

Renewable Fuel Standard

RFS2 Final Rule Lifecycle GHG Analysis "By the Numbers"
Renewable Fuels Association
February 3, 2010
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The Potential Role for Corn Ethanol in Meeting the Energy Needs of the United States in 2016-2030
Korves, R., ProExporter Network (for Illinois Corn Marketing Board)
October 2008
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Overview of the RFS Program Requirements
Lawrence, G., and Christian, S., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
August 22, 2007
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Registration, Recordkeeping, and Reporting Requirements
Lawrence, G., and Christian, S., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
August 22, 2007
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RINSTAR Renewable Fuel Credit Management System
McMartin, C., and Crowley, J., Clean Fuels Clearinghouse
May 11, 2007
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Overview of the RFS Program Requirements or "The Program Starts THIS Year!?"
Korotney, D., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
May 10, 2007
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The Central Data Exchange (CDX): Its how you report
Christian, S., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
May 10, 2007
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Compliance and Enforcement
Bennett, M., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
May 10, 2007
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Registration, Recordkeeping, and Reporting Requirements
Weihrauch, J., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
May 10, 2007
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Ethanol Industry’s Responsibility Under The RFS Program
Redding, J., Aventine Renewable Energy, Inc.
May 10, 2007
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Issue Brief - Renewable Energy Tax Provisions: The Energy Policy Act of 2005 - H.R. 6
Renewable Fuels Association
August 8, 2005
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Issue Brief - Title II: Renewable Energy - Bioenergy/Bioproducts - The Energy Policy Act of 2005 - H.R. 6, Section-by-Section Summary
Renewable Fuels Association
August 8, 2005
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Domenici-Barton Energy Policy Act of 2005: Conference Report (To accompany H.R. 6)
U.S. House of Representatives
July 26, 2005
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Memorandum: Economic impact of an 8 billion-gallon RFS by 2012
Urbanchuk, J.M., LECG LLC
May 23, 2005
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Issue Brief - Summary RFS and Renewable Tax Provisions: The Energy Policy Act of 2005 - Conference Report - HR 6
Renewable Fuels Association
April 21, 2005
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Consumer Impacts of the Renewable Fuel Standard
Urbanchuk, J.M., LECG LLC
May 2003
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An Economic Analysis of Legislation for a Renewable Fuels Requirement for Highway Motor Fuels
Urbanchuk, J.M., AUS Consultants
November 7, 2001
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Ethanol & Food/Feed Market Impacts

Ethanol and the 2010 Corn Crop
Renewable Fuels Association
October 14, 2010
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Ethanol, Barley and Beer
Urbanchuk, J., LECG LLC
July 2007
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Have higher corn prices really driven consumer food prices higher in the last six months?
National Corn Growers Association
April 26, 2007
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Ethanol & Petroleum Markets

Bringing Biofuels to the Pump: An Aggressive Plan for Ending America's Oil Dependence
Greene, N., and Mugica, Y., Natural Resources Defense Council
July 2005
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Over a Barrel: Why Aren't Oil Companies Using Ethanol to Lower Gasoline Prices?
Cooper, M., Consumer Federation of America
May 2005
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Ethanol and Gasoline Prices
Urbanchuk, J., LECG LLC
May 26, 2004
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2004 Gasoline Price Increases: An Analysis Summary
Speir, R.A., Innovation and Information Consultants, Inc. (for Renewable Fuels Association)
March 31, 2004
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Infrastructure Requirements for an Expanded Fuel Ethanol Industry
Reynold, R.E., Downstream Alternatives, Inc. (for U.S. DOE-Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
January 15, 2002
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Refining Industry Preparation for California CBG3: An Analysis of Refinery Plans Filed Under the California Environmental Quality Act California CBG3 Modifications
Graboski, Colorado School of Mines, and Reynolds, R., Downstream Alternatives, Inc.
September 2001
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Ethanol's Role in Mitigating the Adverse Impact of Rising Energy Costs on U.S. Economic Growth
Urbanchuk, J.M., AUS Consultants
February 2001
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The Current Fuel Ethanol Industry: Transportation, Marketing, Distribution, and Technical Considerations
Reynolds, R.E., Downstream Alternatives, Inc. (for U.S. DOE-Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
May 15, 2000
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The Use of Ethanol in California Clean Burning Gasoline: Ethanol Supply/Demand and Logistics - May 2000 Review and Update
Downstream Alternatives, Inc. (for Renewable Fuels Association)
May 2000
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Ability of the U.S. Ethanol Industry to Replace MTBE
Urbanchuk, J.M., AUS Consultants (for Governors' Ethanol Coalition)
March 20, 2000
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Economic Analysis of Replacing MTBE with Ethanol in the United States
U.S. Department of Agriculture
December 31, 1999
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Comment on RFG/MTBE: Issues and Options in the Northeast
Downstream Alternatives Inc. (for Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management [NESCAUM])
May 11, 1999
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Energy Tax Policy

Importance of the VEETC to the U.S. Economy and the Ethanol Industry
Urbanchuk, J.M., ENTRIX, Inc.
March 18, 2010
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Economic Contribution of the Partial Exemption for Ethanol From the Federal Excise Tax on Motor Fuel: Increased revenues and reduced dependence on foreign oil
Urbanchuk, J.M., LECG LLC
November 18, 2008
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Oil Slickers: How Petroleum Benefits at the Taxpayer's Expense
Wahl, J.B., Institute for Local Self-Reliance
August 1996
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Mid-Level Blends, Octane & Fuel Properties

Replacing the Volume & Octane Loss of Removing MTBE from Reformulated Gasoline: Ethanol RFG vs. All Hydrocarbon RFG
Reynolds, R.E., Downstream Alternatives, Inc.
May 2004
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Removing MTBE from Gasoline: Implications for the Northeast Gasoline Supply, Volume 1 - Report of the Northeast MTBE Roundtable
CONEG Policy Research Center, Inc. (for U.S. DOE-Northeast Regional Biomass Program)
April 2004
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Ethanol Co-Products

Ethanol & the Economy

Contribution of the Ethanol Industry to the Economy of the United States [2006]
Urbanchuk, J.M., LECG LLC (for Renewable Fuels Association)
February 19, 2007
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Contribution of the Ethanol Industry to the Economy of the United States [2005]
Urbanchuk, J.M., LECG LLC (for Renewable Fuels Association)
February 21, 2006
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The Economic Impact of Ethanol Plants in South Dakota
Stuefen, R.M., Stuefen Research, LLC
December 27, 2005
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Contribution of the Ethanol Industry to the Economy of the United States [2004]
Urbanchuk, J.M., LECG LLC (for Renewable Fuels Association)
January 10, 2005
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Economic Impact of the Ethanol Industry in Minnesota
Minnesota Department of Agriculture
May 2003
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Ethanol and the Local Community
Urbanchuk, J.M., AUS Consultants, and Kapell, J., SJH & Company
June 20, 2002
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The Economic Impact of the Demand for Ethanol
Evans, M.K., Northwestern University (for Midwest Governors' Conference)
February 1997
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